Sözcüğün Anlamını Tahmin
Aşağıdaki notlar anlamını bilmediğiniz bir sözcüğün anlamını tahmin etmenizi kolaylaştırabilir.
1. Sözcüğün türü ne? (Ad, yüklem, sıfat, vs.)
2. Sözcüğün içinde bulunduğu bağlama (context) bakın.
3. Sözcük metin içinde yinelenmekte mi? Ne kadar sık yinelenirse bağlam sayısı da o kadar fazla olacaktır.
4. Sözcük başka sözcük ya da yapılarla karşılaştırılmakta mı?
5. Sözcük metin içinde tanımlanmakta mı?
6. Kesin olmasa bile bir tahminde bulunmaya çalışın.
ALIŞTIRMALAR
Bu bölümde yer alan alıştırmalar yukarıda belirtilen noktaların uygulamaya konulabilmesi için hazırlanmıştır. Bu nedenle de sözlük kullanılmaması gerekir.
ALIŞTIRMA 1
Because he comes from a poor family, Thomas has always wanted to be wealthy. When he was twenty, he started his own business. His business was a total failure. He started working at a car factory. However, success was still too far away from him because he had a bad argument with his boss and he was sacked. Today, he is still poor but he has not changed much. He still thinks that one day he will be very successful.
Bu paragrafta poor sözcüğü ………. sözcüğü ile kıyaslanmakta ve failure sözcüğü ………. ile kıyaslanmakta.
These characteristics include the regulation of temperature, the capacity for prolonged physical labour, protection from the sun, immunological (defensive responses to infectious diseases) and nutritional and metabolic flexibility.
Bu paragrafta, immunological ………. anlamını taşımakta.
The Greek marriage was monogamous – men and women were allowed one spouse at a time. In rural areas, exchange marriage, in which two men marry each other’s sister – was also found.
Bu paragrafta monogamous ………. anlamını ve exchange marriage ………. anlamını taşımakta.
ALIŞTIRMA 2
Aşağıdaki sözcükler İngiliz dilinde mevcut sözcükler:
FAMISHED, FLIPPER, GAUDY, GOGGLE, LINTEL, PILLION, SALLOW, SHRED, TRUDGE
1. Have you got something to eat? I’m absolutely famished.
2. “My God! She is swimming very fast!” “Of course. She’s got flippers on.”
3. She read the letter to the end and then tore it to shreds.
4. On the way, we saw a group of depressed-looking soldiers. They were very tired and they were trudgingalong through mud and heavy rain.
5. He was so tall that he hit his head on the lintel when he was entering the room.
6. Sebastian hates festivals. The loud, bad music, the cheap gaudy colours, the noise, the whole atmosphere – everything makes him feel sick.
7. He had spent twenty years in an unhealthy tropical climate. That’s why his face had a permanent sallowcomplexion.
8. Why are you all goggling at me like that? Have I got two heads or something?
9. Mark got on his motorbike, I sat behind him on the pillion, and we roared off into the night.
SÖZCÜK | SÖZCÜK TÜRÜ | OLASI ANLAM |
FAMISHED | ||
FLIPPER | ||
SHRED | ||
TRUDGE | ||
LINTEL | ||
GAUDY | ||
SALLOW | ||
GOGGLE | ||
PILLION |
ALIŞTIRMA 3
Aşağıdaki metinde bir trafik kazası anlatılmakta. Metni okuyun ve soruları cevaplandırın. Okurken, koyu yazılı sözcüklere özellikle dikkat edin. İçeriğe bakarak sözcüğün anlamını tahmin etmeye çalışın.
DRIVER ESCAPES THROUGH CAR BOOT
Mr. Peter Johnson, aged 23, battled for half an hour to escape from his trapped car yesterday when it landed upside down in three feet of water. Mr. Johnson took the only escape way – through the boot.
Mr. Johnson’s car had fallen into a dike at Romney Marsh, Kent, after skidding on ice. “Fortunately, water began to come in very slowly,” Mr. Johnson said. “I couldn’t open the doors because they were touching the banks of the dike, and I didn’t open the windows because I knew water would come in.”
Mr. Johnson, a sweets salesman, of Holy Bank Hill, London Road, Kent, first tried to attract the attention of the other motorists by using the horn and hitting on the roof and the boot. Then he began his struggle to escape.
Later he said, ” It was really a half penny which helped me. It was the only coin I had in my pocket and I used it to unscrew the back seat to get into the boot. While I worked on the screws I could feel the water collecting underneath me on the roof. I hit again and again trying to make someone hear, but no help came.
It took another ten minutes to unscrew the seat – and a further five minutes to clear the sweet samples from the boot. Then, he found a wrench to open the boot lock. Fifteen more minutes ebbed away. “It was the only chance I had. Finally it gave, but as soon as I moved the lid the water and mud gushed in. I pushed the lid down into the mud and went out.
His hands and arms cut and bruised, Mr. Johnson got to Beckett farm nearby where he was looked after by the farmer’s wife Lucy Bates. Huddled in a heavy coat, he said, “That thirty minutes seemed like hours.” “Only the tipsof the car wheels were visible,” police said last night. The car had sunk into three feet of mud at the bottom of the dike.
Verilen seçeneklerden hangisinin en yakın anlam olduğunu bulun.
1. boot
a) back window
b) space for luggage at the back of the car
c) space for luggage at the front of the car
d) engine compartment
2. dike
a) lake
b) small farm road
c) water channel by the road
d) canal for ships
3. samples
a) boxes of paper for sweets
b) catalogues
c) examples of what he is selling
d) rubbish put into the boot
4. wrench
a) a kind of tool
b) a kind of sweet
c) a bunch of keys
d) a pack of coins
5. ebbed away
a) were left
b) were all he had
c) passed very slowly
d) passed very quickly
6. it gave
a) it presented itself to him
b) it came open
c) it gave trouble
d) he stopped trying
7. gushed in
a) poured
b) came slowly
c) made a loud noise
d) felt cold
8. Huddled
a) Talking
b) Interviewed
c) Wrapped up warmly
d) Confused and surprised
9. tips
a) outside parts
b) rubber parts
c) metal parts
d) tops
ALIŞTIRMA 4
Koyu yazılı verilen sözcüğe en yakın anlamı taşıyan sözcüğü bulun. Sözlük kullanmayın !
1. I could not convince my friend to go on a picnic instead of to a restaurant. He was adamant in his desire to eat a formal meal.
a) uncertain | b) determined | c) reluctant | d) responsive | e) understanding |
2. “Give me specific suggestions when you criticize my work,” said the employee. “Vague comments do not help me improve.”
a) Definite | b) Special | c) Indefinite | d) Imperfect | e) Sufficient |
3. Richard organized his staff with a rigid schedule of jobs and responsibilities which often occupied them twelve hours a day, seven days a week. Many people, unable to tolerate this regimentation, quit their jobs after the first week.
a) discipline | b) payment | c) tolerance | d) schedule | e) responsibility |
4. By smiling foolishly and talking loudly, we are able to repress the rising feeling of fear so that it does not affect the way we behave.
a) display | b) show | c) reduce | d) escape | e) keep |
5. After the scorpion affair the whole family tried in vain to get me to stop collecting animals and insects. They should have known that I wouldn’t stop collecting just because of one little scare.
a) unclearly | b) one by one | c) actually | d) reasonably | e) unsuccessfully |
6. The murderer had developed a poison which could not be tasted or smelled when mixed with food. Because it was imperceptible, he was able to murder a number of people without being caught.
a) easy to find | b) hard to detect | c) easy to add | d) hard to prepare | e) hard to toxicate |
7. Mr. Fleming was surprised to see me sitting behind his desk. He gave me a startled look, then smiled and said, “I didn’t know you were in town.”
a) angry | b) nervous | c) confused | d) nasty | e) frightened |
8. Roses seem to thrive under certain conditions; the more sunlight and water they receive the more beautiful they are.
a) colour | b) fade | c) die | d) water | e) grow |
9. Although he really didn’t want to open the mysterious drawer again, his curiosity compelled him to take one last look.
a) frightened | b) forced | c) commanded | d) prevented | e) supported |
